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aerospace
adjective
: having to do with the branch of science that studies Earth's atmosphere and outer space
asteroid
noun
: an irregularly shaped rock that orbits the Sun
astronaut
noun
: a person trained to travel and work in space
astronomer
noun
: a scientist who studies planets, stars, galaxies, and other objects in space
astronomy
noun
: a field of science involving the study of the stars, planets, comets, and other things found in space
atmosphere
noun
: a layer of gases surrounding a planet, star, or moon
aurora borealis
noun
: the northern lights, caused by charged particles being pulled into Earth's atmosphere by Earth's magnetic field
axes
noun
: the imaginary lines around which objects, such as planets, might rotate
axis
noun
: an imaginary line around which an object, such as Earth, rotates
binoculars
noun
: a hand-held device used to see objects that are far away
black hole
noun
: a region of space with a gravitational field so intense that nothing can escape
capsule
noun
: the compartment on a rocket that holds people and their instruments
celestial
adjective
: of or relating to the sky
cluster
noun
: a close group of similar objects
comet
noun
: a space object made of ice and dust that develops a long, bright tail as it nears the Sun
constellation
noun
: a group of stars that form a shape and are named for that shape
corona
noun
: a ring of light visible around a luminous body, such as the Sun and Moon
cosmologist
noun
: a scientist who studies the origin and structure of the universe
cosmos
noun
: the whole universe
crater
noun
: a bowl-shaped hollow area in a volcano where lava, ash, and gases come out; a hole in the ground caused by the impact of an object from space
crescent moon
noun
: the phase of the Moon when only a thin curved slice is lit up by the Sun
deep space
noun
: the open areas between solid bodies in the universe beyond our solar system
dwarf planet
noun
: a nearly round object that orbits a star, is smaller than a planet, and is not a satellite of another object
eclipse
noun
: the partial or complete hiding or darkening of one celestial body, such as the Sun or Moon, by another
exploration
noun
: a journey through unfamiliar territory to learn more about it
explorer
noun
: a person who visits and learns about new places
extraterrestrial
noun
: a being from outside Earth or its atmosphere
fireball
noun
: a ball of fire
full moon
noun
: the phase of the Moon when its surface is fully lit up by the Sun
galaxy
noun
: a large collection of stars, planets, gas, and dust bound together by gravitational forces
gas giant
noun
: a large planet that is mainly made up of gases
gravitational pull
noun
: the force of attraction that tends to draw objects together
gravity
noun
: the force that pulls things toward the center of Earth or any other large object that has mass
half moon
noun
: the phase of the Moon halfway between a full moon and a new moon
impact
noun
: the action of one object hitting another
Jupiter
noun
: the largest planet in our solar system and the fifth from the Sun; a gas giant
light-year
noun
: a unit of distance in astronomy equal to the distance that light travels in one year
lunar
adjective
: having to do with the Moon
lunar eclipse
noun
: an eclipse during which Earth blocks the Sun's light from shining on the Moon
Mars
noun
: a small reddish planet that is fourth from the Sun; a terrestrial planet
Mercury
noun
: the smallest planet in our solar system and the closest one to the Sun; a terrestrial planet
meteor
noun
: a piece of rock from space
meteorite
noun
: a metallic or stony body that has fallen on Earth from outer space
meteoroid
noun
: a particle of metallic or stony matter that orbits the Sun
methane
noun
: a colorless, odorless, flammable gas commonly called "natural gas"
Milky Way
noun
: the galaxy that includes the Sun and our solar system
module
noun
: a self-contained part of a spacecraft
Moon
noun
: Earth's only natural satellite
moon phase
noun
: any of the eight possible ways that the Moon appears as viewed from Earth
Neptune
noun
: a large blue planet that is eighth from the Sun; a gas giant
new moon
noun
: the first phase of the Moon, when it appears as a narrow crescent at sunset
nucleus
noun
: the center of a comet, made of small particles of ice and frozen gas that can turn to vapor and form a tail as the comet nears a star
observatory
noun
: a place used for scientific observation of things in nature, such as astronomical objects, weather, or earthquakes
orbit
noun
: the path taken by one object in space circling around another larger object
orbit
verb
: to revolve around another object
ozone layer
noun
: a layer of the atmosphere that protects life on Earth by filtering out ultraviolet radiation from the Sun
phase
noun
: state of matter, which can change depending on temperature and pressure
pilot
verb
: to drive a ship or an aircraft
pilot
noun
: a person who is qualified and licensed to fly an aircraft or spacecraft
planet
noun
: a very large object that travels around a star
planetarium
noun
: a building in which the image of the night sky is projected onto a curved ceiling
Pluto
noun
: a dwarf planet discovered in 1930 that was once considered a planet
plutoid
noun
: a dwarf planet that orbits the Sun beyond Neptune
polar
adjective
: relating to areas of a planet, star, or moon near the north or south pole
pulsar
noun
: a neutron star that produces beams of radiation from its magnetic poles
radiate
verb
: to emit something, often light or heat in the form of rays or waves
reentry
noun
: the movement of an object in space that enters the atmosphere of Earth or another planet
reflect
verb
: to throw light, sound, or heat back toward where it came from; to show an image of; to display an emotion
reflected light
noun
: light that is picked up on a mirror and bounced to another place
revolution
noun
: a single journey along an orbital path
revolve
verb
: to move in a circle around something
rocket
noun
: a machine designed for space travel
rotate
verb
: to turn on an axis or center
rotation
noun
: a single turn of something around an axis or a fixed point; spinning
satellite
noun
: a natural or human-made object that orbits Earth or another object in space
Saturn
noun
: a planet with large rings around it that is sixth from the Sun; a gas giant
solar
adjective
: having to do with the Sun
solar eclipse
noun
: an eclipse during which the Moon passes in front of the Sun and hides it from view
solar system
noun
: a group of objects in space that orbit a star
solstice
noun
: either of the two times of the year when the Sun is furthest from the equator
space
noun
: the area between solid objects in the universe
space flight
noun
: travel and exploration in outer space
space shuttle
noun
: a spacecraft that can be used repeatedly
space travel
noun
: a journey by people into space
spacecraft
noun
: a vehicle used for traveling in space
starry
adjective
: filled with or lit up by stars
sunshine
noun
: direct light from the Sun
sunspot
noun
: any of the relatively cool dark patches that appear in cycles on the Sun's surface and possess a powerful magnetic field
tail
noun
: the bright, vaporized part of a comet that points away from the Sun
technology
noun
: the use of scientific knowledge or tools to make or do something
telescope
noun
: an instrument used to make distant objects look closer
terrestrial planet
noun
: like Earth; a planet that is rocky in form and Earth-like in size
twinkling
adjective
: to shine in a way that seems to switch between brighter and dimmer
ultraviolet wave
noun
: radiant energy waves similar to light; cannot be seen by humans
universe
noun
: all things that exist in space
unknown
adjective
: not known
vacuum
noun
: a space that contains absolutely no matter
Venus
noun
: a small planet that is second from the Sun; a terrestrial planet
waning
noun
: growing smaller or weaker
waxing
noun
: growing bigger
weightlessness
noun
: the condition of not seeming to weigh anything
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artificial satellite
noun
: a human-made object that orbits another object in space
asterism
noun
: a star-shaped reflective pattern inside a gem; a group of stars smaller than a constellation
asteroid belt
noun
: the area in space between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids orbit
astronomical satellite
noun
: a research satellite that monitors waves and particles in deep space
astrophysics
noun
: a branch of astronomy that is concerned with the physical nature of stars and other bodies in space
big bang theory
noun
: the idea that the universe began from a single, enormous explosion and is still expanding
bus
noun
: the body of a satellite, which contains basic functions and equipment
celestial body
noun
: a natural object in the sky or in outer space
communication satellite
noun
: a satellite that picks up sound, picture, or telephone signals
earth station
noun
: a dish on Earth that receives signals from a satellite
elliptical galaxy
noun
: an oval-shaped galaxy
environmental satellite
noun
: a satellite that monitors how Earth is changing
exoplanet
noun
: a planet that exists outside our solar system
GPS
noun
: Global Positioning System; uses radio signals from satellites to pinpoint locations
irregular galaxy
noun
: a galaxy without a regular shape
Kuiper Belt
noun
: an area of our solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune where a group of minor planets and other objects orbit the Sun
luminosity
noun
: a measure of the amount of radiating or reflected light coming off a star or other celestial object; brightness
military satellite
noun
: a satellite that gathers information about other countries or serves military purposes in another way
navigational satellite
noun
: a satellite that helps vehicles know their location
nebula
noun
: a region or cloud of interstellar dust and gas appearing as a bright or dark patch
neutron star
noun
: a star that has collapsed under its own gravity; a compact mass of neutrons
optical telescope
noun
: a light-gathering telescope
payload
noun
: the tools and other valuable equipment on a satellite; also, the valuable cargo on an aircraft
phenomena
noun
: observable events, occurrences, or situations
phenomenon
noun
: an observable event or occurrence
polar orbit
noun
: an orbit that passes above both the North Pole and South Pole
quasar
noun
: an astronomical object with very high energy output
radio telescope
noun
: a telescope that collects radio waves from space
rille
noun
: a long, narrow crack on the Moon's surface
solar flare
noun
: a sudden energy burst that appears as a large, bright loop on the Sun's surface
solar wind
noun
: a stream of gases that come from the Sun
spiral galaxy
noun
: a galaxy with curved arms that extend from a central axis
Sputnik
noun
: the first human-made satellite successfully launched into space
stratosphere
noun
: the layer of Earth's atmosphere located beyond the troposphere where airplanes fly
supernova
noun
: the death explosion of a massive star, resulting in a sharp increase in brightness followed by a gradual fading
thermonuclear reaction
noun
: a process, often involving high temperatures, in which the structure of atoms change, releasing tremendous energy
troposphere
noun
: the layer of Earth's atmosphere that is closest to the planet's surface
weather satellite
noun
: an artificial satellite that monitors Earth's climate and weather
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